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mandatory spending
In United States fiscal policy, mandatory spending is spending on certain programs that are required by existing law.
In the United States, mandatory spending refers to budget authority and ensuing outlays provided in laws other than appropriations acts, including annually appropriated entitlements. In fiscal year (FY) 2014, mandatory spending accounted for about 60 percent of the federal budget and over 12 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). The two largest mandatory spending programs are Medicare and Social Security, which together account for nearly 40 percent of the federal budget.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=1258 )〕 However, portions of the budgets for several other departments, including the Department of Agriculture, Department of Defense, Department of Education, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, include some mandatory spending.
==History==
Prior to the Great Depression, nearly all federal expenditures were discretionary. However, following the passage of the Social Security Act in 1935, an increasing percentage of the federal budget was devoted to mandatory spending. In 1947, Social Security accounted for just under five percent of the federal budget and less than one-half of one percent of GDP. By 1962, 13 percent of the federal budget and half of all mandatory spending was committed to Social Security. In 1965 Congress created Medicare, a government administered health insurance program for senior citizens. In the 10 years following the creation of Medicare, mandatory spending increased from 30 percent to over 50 percent of the federal budget. Though the rate of increase has since slowed, mandatory spending composed about 60 percent of the federal budget in FY 2012.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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